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Polazeći
od principa i ciljeva Povelje Ujedinjenih nacija;
Posvećeni
liberalnoj demokraciji, miru, pravdi, solidarnosti i međusobnom
razumijevanju;
Smatrajući
da Bosna i Hercegovina treba biti sekularna država
republikanske forme vlasti, na temeljima parlamentarne demokracije, vladavine
prava i sa slobodnim i demokratskim izborima;
Opredijeljeni
za suverenitet, teritorijalni integritet i političku nezavisnost Bosne i
Hercegovine u skladu sa internacionalnim pravom;
Vođeni
principima, vrijednostima i standardima Univerzalne Deklaracije o ljudskim
pravima, Internacionalnog pakta o građanskim i političkim pravima,
Internacionalnog pakta o ekonomskim, socijalnim i kulturnim pravima, Europske
konvencije o ljudskim pravima i temeljnim slobodama, Deklaracijom o pravima
lica koja pripadaju etničkim, vjerskim i jezičkim manjinama, kao i drugim
instrumentima zaštite individualnih ljudskih prava te činom prijema Republike
BiH u Ujedinjene nacije 22. maja 1992. godine;
Smatrajući
da jednakopravnost, sloboda i prava građana Bosne i Hercegovine, kao
nositelja državnog suvereniteta, treba biti garantirana, obezbijeđena i
implementirana u svim aspektima društva;
Posebno smatrajući kako je Bosna i Hercegovina, država svih njenih
građana, koji zajedno uz puno uvažavanje etničkih, vjerskih i kulturnih
raznolikosti, tvore bosanskohercegovačku/bosansku naciju, koja je potvrđena
prijemom u Ujedinjene nacije;
Uvažavajući sva dosadašnja mišljenja Venecijanske komisije o
političkom, društvenom, izbornom i pravosudnom sistemu u Bosni i Hercegovini;
Uvidjevši
kako sadašnji društveno-politički sistem urušava kulturu zajedničkog života,
proizvodi etničke distance i konflikte među političkim elitama na štetu
individualnih ljudskih prava;
Primjećujući
vidan zastoj Bosne i Hercegovine na njenom putu ka punopravnom članstvu u
Europsku uniju i NATO, tako što se svjesno koče reformski procesi,
uključujući ispunjavanje 14 ključnih prioriteta iz Mišljenja Evropske
komisije, kao i blokada u definisanju svakog Programa reformi Bosne i
Hercegovine;
Naglašavajući
potrebu da se politički, društveni i ekonomski sistem mora uskladiti sa
normama, vrijednostima i standardima europske pravne stečevine (acquis
communautaire) na kojima je temeljena Europska unija;
Svjesni kako
aktuelni Ustav BiH sadrži utvrđenu sistemsku diskriminaciju građana na
temelju njihove etničke pripadnosti i mjesta prebivališta, koja je posebno
utvrđena presudama Europskog suda za ljudska prava iz Strazbura u predmetima:
Sejdić-Finci, Zornić, Pilav, Šlaku, Pudarić i Kovačević;
Imajući u vidu
viševjekovnu etnoteritorijalnu nepodijeljenost državnog prostora Bosne i
Hercegovine, život u raznolikostima i jednakosti, Deklaraciju o pravima građana sa Drugog zasjedanja ZAVNOBIH-a
(1. jula 1944. godine u Sanskom Mostu), Ustav Republike BiH, rezultate
građanskog Referenduma (1992.) organizovanog na cijelom prostoru BiH i pod
internacionalnim nadzorom i inicijativom;
Ubijeđeni
da građanski konstituirani organi vlasti i pravične procedure najbolje
stvaraju inkluzivne odnose unutar pluralističkog društva u kojem postoje
jednake šanse za sve građane;
Uvažavajući
sve presude Internacionalnog krivičnog suda u Hagu (ICTY) u kojima je
utvrđeno počinjenje zločina genocida, ratnih zločina, zločina protiv
čovječnosti i udruženih zločinačkih poduhvata koji su za cilj imali stvaranje
mono-etničkih dijelova teritorija u Bosni i Hercegovini kroz etničko
čišćenje, te naglašavajući da je u tim okolnostima oktroisan postojeći Ustav;
Odlučni da izborno
zakonodavstvo BiH ne smije da odstupa od europskih izbornih principa i
standarda niti da se uvode dodatne diskriminacije građana u njihovom aktivnom
i pasivnom izbornom pravu, niti da se stvara nejednaka vrijednost glasa
građana temeljem etničke pripadnosti i mjesta prebivališta;
Ističući potrebu da
ekonomski sistem Bosne i Hercegovine
funkcioniše na jedinstvenom tržištu u korist svih građana ove zemlje;
Nastojeći stvoriti
pretpostavke za reformu sadašnjeg
ustavnog uređenja ove zemlje i njegovo usaglašavanje sa zahtjevima europske
pravne stečevine kao i temeljnim principima vladavine prava i liberalne
demokracije, Asocijacija nezavisnih intelektualaca Krug 99 predlaže s l j e d
e ć e:
PRINCIPE Ustavne reforme u
Bosni i Hercegovini
1.
Bosna i Hercegovina je suverena, jedinstvena,
nedjeljiva, demokratska, pravna, sekularna država sa svojim
teritorijalnim integritetom što proizlazi iz njenog hiljadugodišnjeg
kontinuiteta postojanja i internacionalnog priznanja.
2.
Naziv države Bosne i Hercegovine biće – Republika Bosna i Hercegovina.
3.
Glavni grad Republike Bosne i Hercegovine je Sarajevo. Republika Bosna i
Hercegovina ima himnu i zastavu koji predstavljaju identitet, historiju,
vrijednosti i suverenitet države.
4.
Nositelj suvereniteta je građanin – državljanin Republike Bosne i Hercegovine. Suverenitet građana je
neotuđiv, neprenosiv i nepodjeljiv.
5.
Republika Bosna i Hercegovina je jedinstvena država sa unitarnim oblikom
državnog uređenja, koja posjeduje
centralnu vlast i nivo jedinica lokalne samouprave organizovane u skladu sa
Evropskom Poveljom o lokalnoj samoupravi. Oblast lokalne samouprave se
organizuje u općinama, gradovima.
Regionalna povezanost općina i gradova moguća je isključivo na osnovu
prirodnih karakteristika i ekonomskih interesa, što će se urediti posebnim
zakonom.
6.
Izvršnu vlast čine Predsjednik Republike Bosne i Hercegovine
i Vlada, svaki organ u okviru svojih nadležnosti. Predsjednik Republike Bosne
i Hercegovine se bira na neposrednim izborima u okviru jedne izborne
jedinice, uvažavajući princip narodne raznolikosti.
7.
Republika Bosna i Hercegovina imaće Parlament, kao njen zakonodavni organ
vlasti, koji se sastoji od broja zastupnika proporcionalno broju stanovnika,
a biraju se na neposrednim izborima u izbornim jedinicama određenim Izbornima
zakonom. Nadležnost Parlamenta Republike Bosne i Hercegovine je donošenje
svih propisa: ustav, zakoni i drugi akti, kojima se reguliraju različiti
aspekti društvenog života u Republici Bosni i Hercegovini. Pored Parlamenta
Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, postojaće i Vijeće zaštite etničkog interesa,
kao poseban organ bez zakonodavnih ovlaštenja, čija isključiva nadležnost će
biti da razmatra i ocjenjuje samo one propise koji ulaze u prostor tri (3)
identitetska elementa: jezik, pismo i
religija. Vijeće zaštite etničkog interesa imenuje Parlament Republike Bosne
i Hercegovine iz reda izabranih zastupnika, a na način utvrđen Poslovnikom
Parlamenta.
8.
Republika Bosna i Hercegovina imaće Vladu
koja se sastoji od premijera i ministara: ministarstva vanjskih
poslova, ministarstva financija i trezora, ministarstva industrije i
energetike, ministarstva poljoprivrede i šumarstva, ministarstva komunikacija
i prometa, ministarstva zdravstva, ministarstva obrazovanja i nauke,
ministarstva kulture i sporta, ministarstva trgovine, ministarstva dijaspore,
ministarstva pravde, ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova, ministarstva odbrane,
ministarstva rada i socijalne politike, ministarstva ugostiteljstva, turizma
i okoliša. Vladu Republike Bosne i Hercegovine imenuje Parlament Republike
Bosne i Hercegovine, na prijedlog mandatara. Mandatara imenuje Predsjednik
Republike Bosne i Hercegovine.
9.
Ustav će utemeljiti sudsku vlast koju će vršiti prvostepeni sudovi opšte
nadležnosti, specijalizirani sudovi i Vrhovni sud, kao i tužilaštvo i
pravobranilaštvo te Visoko sudsko i tužilačko vijeće koji će biti uređeni
zakonom. Ustavni sud vrši ocjenu usklađenosti
svih zakona i pravnih akata sa Ustavom, uvažavajući Evropsku Konvenciju o
zaštiti ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda zajedno sa svim Protokolima.
10.
Republika Bosna i Hercegovina će imati svoju Centralnu banku, čije
formiranje, sastav, djelokrug rada i način funkcioniranja će se regulirati
posebnim zakonom.
11.
Republika Bosna i Hercegovina je titular državne imovine. Opća dobra kao što
su more, jezera, rijeke, obale, šume, zrak, voda, frekvencije i javna dobra
kao što su autoputevi, ceste, trgovi, parkovi, ne mogu biti u vlasništvu niti
jednog fizičkog ili pravnog lica, već će država imati pravo raspolaganja i
upravljanja ovim dobrima, koje može prenijeti na niže nivoe vlasti. Svi
aspekti državne imovine, prava na njeno vlasništvo, raspolaganje i upravljanje
regulisaće se posebnim zakonom.
12.
Cjelokupan sadržaj ustava mora bit usklađen sa Evropskom Konvencijom o
zaštiti ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda zajedno sa svim Protokolima,
preporukama Venecijanske komisije i kriterijima iz Kopenhagena i Madrida koji reguliraju pristupanje
Europskoj uniji, te će u svim aspektima biti usklađen sa europskom pravnom
stečevinom.
13.
Usvojeni ustav sadržavaće norme o tranzicijskom periodu, koji će biti
vremenski ograničen i predstavljaće period u kojem se treba izvršiti potrebna
tranzicija i usklađivanje svih važećih propisa i transformiranje postojećih
državnih institucija i agencija u skladu sa novim Ustavom Republike Bosne i
Hercegovine.
14. Izmjene
na ovaj način usvojenog Ustava će se vršiti se 2/3 većinom u Parlamentu Republike
Bosne i Hercegovine. Izmjena na ovaj način Ustava Republike Bosne i
Hercegovine ne može sadržavati bilo koji element kojim se umanjuju ili
ograničavaju ljudska prava utvrđena ovim Ustavom.
Sarajevo,
30. 9. 2025. Adil
Kulenović, predsjednik
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Beginning from the
principles and goals of the United Nation Charter;
Dedicated to
liberal democracy, peace, justice, solidarity and mutual understanding;
Believing that
Bosnia and Herzegovina should be a secular state with a republican form of
government, based on parliamentary democracy, the rule of law and free and
democratic elections;
Committed to the
sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of Bosnia and
Herzegovina in line with international law;
Guided by the
principles, values and standards of the Human Rights Universal Declaration,
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the European Convention on
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Declaration on the Rights of
Persons Belonging to Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, as well as
other instruments aimed at protecting individual human rights as well as by
the act of admission of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the United
Nations on 22 May 1992;
Considering that the
equality, freedoms and rights of the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina as
the holders of state sovereignty, should be guaranteed, ensured and
implemented in all aspects of society;
Considering in particular
that Bosnia and Herzegovina is a state of all its citizens, who together with
their ethnic, religious and cultural diversity being fully respected, form
the Bosnia and Herzegovina/Bosnian nation, which was confirmed by our
country’s admission to the United Nations;
Taking into account all the previous opinions of the Venice Commission on the
political, social, electoral and judicial system in Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Recognizing how the
current socio-political system is undermining the culture of togetherness,
distancing ethnic groups, and creating conflicts among political elites to
the detriment of individual human rights;
Noting the apparent
stagnation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on its path towards full membership of
the European Union and NATO, by deliberately hindering reform processes,
including fulfilling the 14 key priorities set out in the Opinion of the
European Commission, as well as blocking the defining of each Programme of
reforms for Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Emphasizing the need
for the political, social and economic system to be harmonized with the
norms, values and standards of the European Acquis Communautaire that the
European Union is founded on;
Aware that the current
Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been found to contain systemic
discrimination of citizens based on their ethnicity and place of residence,
which has been specifically established by the judgments of the European
Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg in the cases: Sejdić-Finci, Zornić,
Pilav, Šlaku, Pudarić and Kovačević;
Bearing in mind the
centuries-old ethno-territorial indivisibility of the state territory of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, with its citizens living in diversity and equality,
the Declaration on the Rights of Citizens from the Second Session of ZAVNOBIH
(convened on 1st July 1944 in Sanski Most), the Constitution of the Republic
of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the results of the Citizens' Referendum (1992)
organized across the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina and under the
international supervision and initiative;
Convinced that
civically constituted authorities and fair procedures best create inclusive
relations within a pluralistic society in which there are equal opportunities
for all citizens;
Recognizing all the
verdicts of the International Criminal Tribunal in The Hague (ICTY) which
have established that the crimes of genocide, war crimes, crimes against
humanity and joint criminal enterprises were committed with the aim of
creating mono-ethnic areas of the territory in Bosnia and Herzegovina through
ethnic cleansing, and emphasizing that the current Constitution was imposed
in these circumstances;
Determined that the
electoral legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina must not deviate from
European electoral principles and standards, nor introduce further
discrimination against citizens in their active and passive electoral rights,
nor create inequality in votes of citizens based on their ethnicity and place
of residence;
Emphasizing the need
for the economic system of Bosnia and Herzegovina to operate in a single
market to the benefit of all its citizens;
Seeking to create the
prerequisites for the reform of the current constitutional arrangement of
this country and its harmonization with the requirements of the European
Acquis Communautaire as well as the fundamental principles of the rule of law
and liberal democracy, the Association of Independent Intellectuals Krug 99
(Circle99) proposes the following:
PRINCIPLES of constitutional
reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a sovereign, unitary, indivisible,
democratic, legal, secular state with its territorial integrity resulting
from its thousand-years old existence and its international recognition.
2. The name of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall be –
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
3. The capital of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall
be Sarajevo. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall have an anthem and
a flag which represent the identity, history, values and sovereignty of the
state.
4. The bearer of sovereignty shall be a citizen – a citizen of
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sovereignty of citizens shall be
inalienable, non-transferable and indivisible.
5. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall be a single
state with a unitary form of state organization, which shall have a central
authority and a level of local self-governance units organised in accordance
with the European Charter on Local Self-Government. The area of local
self-governance shall be organised in municipalities and cities. Linking
municipalities and cities regionally shall be possible solely on the basis of
natural characteristics and economic interests, which shall be regulated by a
special law.
6. The executive powers will rest with the President of the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Government, each operating within
its own remits. The President of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is to
be elected in direct elections within one constituency, respecting the
principle of ethnic diversity.
7. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall have a
Parliament, as a legislative body of its government, consisting of the number
of representatives proportionate to the number of its citizens, and they
shall be elected in direct elections in electoral units determined by the
Electoral Law. The responsibility of the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina shall be the adoption of all regulations: the Constitution, laws
and other acts, which regulate various aspects of social life in the Republic
of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to the Parliament of the Republic of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, there shall be a Council for the Protection of Ethnic
Interests, as a special body without legislative powers, whose exclusive
jurisdiction shall be to consider and evaluate only those regulations that
fall within the scope of the three (3) identity elements: language, culture
and religion. The Council for the Protection of Ethnic Interests shall be
appointed by the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from
among the elected representatives, in the manner determined by the Rules of
the Parliamentary procedures.
8. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall have a
Government consisting of the Prime Minister and the following ministries:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance and Treasury, Ministry of
Industry and Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of
Communications and Transport, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and
Science, Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of
Diaspora, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of
Defense, Ministry of Labor and Social Policy, Ministry of Hospitality,
Tourism and Environment. The Government of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina shall be appointed by the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, upon the proposal of the mandate holder. The mandate holder
shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
9. The Constitution shall establish judicial power, which shall
be exercised by courts of first instance, specialized courts and the Supreme
Court, as well as the prosecution and defense offices and the High Judicial
and Prosecutorial Council, which shall be regulated by law. The
Constitutional Court shall review the compliance of all laws and legal acts
with the Constitution, taking into account the European Convention on the
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, together with all
Protocols thereto.
10. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall have its own
Central Bank, the forming, composition, scope of operations and functioning
of which shall be regulated by a special law.
11. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall hold the title
to the state property ownership. Common property such as the sea,
lakes, rivers, coasts, forests, air, water, frequencies and public goods such
as highways, roads, squares, parks, may not be owned by any physical
individual or legal entity, but the state shall have the right to dispose of
and manage such a property, which it may transfer to lower levels of
government. All aspects of state property, the right to its ownership,
disposal and management shall be regulated by a special law.
12. The entire content of the Constitution must be in line with
the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, together
with all Protocols, recommendations of the Venice Commission and the
Copenhagen and Madrid criteria regulating accession to the European Union,
and shall be in all respects in line with the European acquis.
13. The adopted constitution shall contain provisions on a
transitional period, which shall be limited in time and shall represent a
period during which the necessary transition and harmonization of all
applicable regulations and the transformation of existing state institutions
and agencies shall be carried out in accordance with the new Constitution of
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
14. Amendments to the Constitution thus adopted shall be made by
a 2/3 majority in the Parliament of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in
this way may not contain any element that diminishes or limits human rights
established by this Constitution.
Sarajevo, September, 30..2025. Adil
Kulenović, President
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