|
Evropska komisija je objavila prvih 13
strateških projekata za sirovine od presudnog značaja na lokacijama van
Evropske unije. Među njima je projekat Jadar u Srbiji. On je na novom spisku jedini
za litij i bor. Pritom obuhvata samo rudarenje, iako je Rio Tinto bio najavio
da će izgraditi i postrojenje za preradu..
Nakon što je u martu proglasila
47 strateških projekata po Zakomu i esencijalnim sirovinama Evropska
komisija ih je danas dopunila spiskom na kome je još 13 na lokacijama
izvan granica EU, uključujući kontroverzni projekat Jadar u Srbiji, kompanije
Rio Tinto. Osnovni ciljevi su diverzifikacija
izvora snabdevanja i veća bezbednost privrede, ali uz podsticaj za kreiranje
vrednosti u trećim zemljama, saopšteno je.
„Evropi su potrebne sirovine da ispunimo svoje industrijske i
klimatske ambicije. EU su potrebni stabilni, bezbedni i diverzifikovani lanci
snabdevanja“, izjavio je izvršni potpredsednik Evropske komisije za
prosperitet i industrijsku strategiju Stefan Sežurne.
Strateški projekti po celom svetu
Prvih 13 projekata za strateške sirovine van EU nalazi se u
Kanadi, na Grenlandu, u Kazahstanu, Srbiji, Ukrajini, Zambiji, na Novoj
Kaledoniji, u Brazilu, na Madagaskaru, u Malaviju, Južnoafričkoj Republici i
Velikoj Britaniji. Potrebno im je ukupno 5,5 milijardi evra investicija da
počnu s radom, navela je Evropska komisija. Sežurne je otkrio da je bilo 49
prijava za dobijanje navedenog statusa.
Projekat Jadar je jedini za litij
i bor, a zanimljivo je što je Evropska komisija obuhvatila samo
ekstrakciju, iako je Rio Tinto bio najavljivao i izgradnju postrojenja za
preradu. Inače, u obrazloženju piše da ova investicija u Srbiji ima za cilj
da doprinese snabdevanju litijem, kvaliteta pogodnog za proizvodnju baterija,
i borom za metaluršku industriju.
Protiv projekta
Jadar su u nekoliko navrata organizovane velike demonstracije širom Srbije
Lokalno stanovništvo u dolini
Jadra i ekološke organizacije se godinama suprotstavljaju Rio Tintu zbog
netransparentnosti i rizika po zdravlje, okolinu i poljoprivredu, a pogotovo
zbog ugrožavanja izvora vode. U više navrata su održani veliki protesti širom
zemlje.
Na portalu Balkan Green Energy
News možete pročitati hronološki pregled najvažnijih događaja od
2001, kada je Rio Tinto došao u Srbiju.
Rudarski gigant sprovodi projekat Jadar preko svoje ispostave u
Srbiji, preduzeća Rio Sava Exploration.
Najviše
projekata su za grafit, kobalt, nickl
Najviše projekata je za proizvodnju
grafita, kobalta, nikla. Ostali poduhvati obuhvataju
eksploataciju i preradu grafita, kobalta i nikla, a oni su najbrojniji, i
eksploataciju tungstena, retkih elemenata, mangana i bakra. Jedan od njih, za
rudarenje i preradu grafita, sprovodi se i na Grenlandu i u Norveškoj.
Takozvani retki metali i zemni elementi su ključni za proizvodnju
magneta visokih performansi za vetroturbine i električne motore za
tehnologije zelene energetike i elektromobilnost. Bor se upotrebljava u
automobilskoj, vazduhoplovnoj i namenskoj industriji te za opremu za
proizvodnju energije iz obnovljivih izvora.
Litij se koristi za proizvodnju litij-jonskih baterija, trenutno
dominantne tehnologije u tom segmentu skladištenja energije: od potrošačke
elektronike, preko električnih vozila do stacionarnih postrojenja u okviru
zelenih elektrana ili samo za balansiranje mreže.
Kokanović: Nastavljamo otpor
Aktivista Zlatko Kokanović iz udruženja Ne damo Jadar izjavio je
da su akademska zajednica i Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti (SANU) jasno odbacile
Rio Tintov projekat. Tvrdi i da se 63,5 odsto građana Srbije protivi toj
investiciji. To je, inače, rezultat iz jednog nedavnog istraživanja javnog
mnjenja.
Odluka Evropske komisije ne
garantuje standarde za zaštitu životne sredine, rekao je Kokanović za portal
Zelena Srbija agencije Beta. To je sasvim licemerno od jedne
Evrope koja se zalaže za vladavinu prava, demokratiju, slobodu govora, zdravu
životnu sredinu i čist vazduh, vodu i zemlju. Oni bi da nauštrb našeg
zdravlja i zdravlja naše dece uzmu naš litijum i od nas naprave deponiju da
bi oni zdravo živeli“, naglasio je. Nigde u svetu nema ovakvog rudarskog
projekta u gusto naseljenom području i na plodnoj zemlji, napomenuo je ovaj
aktivista. „To je u suštini eksperimentalno postrojenje. Oni nemaju odgovore
na sva pitanja i njihova glavna parola je: ‘Trudićemo se da smanjimo rizike’.
Mi sad živimo bez rizika, ne treba da ih smanjujemo. Ako se desi incident,
oni će reći da prihvataju grešku, da će se truditi da je ne ponove i izviniće
se. Mi od toga nemamo ništa“, podvukao je Kokanović.
Danas je, osim toga, poručio da će otpor biti nastavljen svim
dozvoljenim i nedozvoljenim i raspoloživim sredstvima. Kokanović živi u
Gornjim Nedeljicama, gde je lokacija za rudnik.
------
Komentar: (1)
Aleksandar Knežević / 11.06.2025.
(a.knezevic@reic.org.ba)
Imam značajno iskustvo za studijama uticaja
na okolinu – od 1973. godine do danas. Pratim problem eksploatacije litija u
Jadru – stav EU, stav Vlade R. Srbije i reagovanje građana i ekologističkih
pokreta.
Međutim u ovoj fazi problem nije okolinski
nego je to problem namjene prostora. Tek kada se utvrdfi namjena prostora
može se govoriti o okolinskoj problematici.
Usaglašavanje konflikta u prostoru opisao sam u svojoj knjizi Hidroelektrane
i okolina (2002), izdanje CETEOR, Sarajevo.
|
|
The European Commission published the list of the first 13 strategic
projects for raw materials outside of the European Union. One of them is
project Jadar in Serbia. It is the only one for lithium and boron. Notably,
it got the strategic status only for extraction, even though Rio Tinto said
it would also build a processing plant.
After adopting 47 strategic projects in line
with the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) in March, today the
European Commission added another 13, for
locations outside of the EU’s borders. They include Rio Tinto’s controversial project Jadar in Serbia,
for lithium and boron. The aim is to diversify the sources of supply and
increase economic security, but alongside strengthening value creation in
third countries, according to the update.
“Europe needs raw
materials to succeed in our industrial and climate ambitions. The EU requires
stable, secure and diversified supply chains,” said the European Commission’s
Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy Stéphane
Séjourné.
Strategic projects across globe
The first 13 strategic projects outside of the EU are in Canada,
Greenland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Serbia, Ukraine, Zambia, New Caledonia,
Brazil, Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa and the United Kingdom. They require
EUR 5.5 billion in total capital investment to start operations, the European
Commission said.
Séjourné revealed that
investors filed 49 applications.
Project Jadar in western Serbia, near the city of Loznica,
is the only one for lithium and boron. Interestingly,
the European Commission only endorsed the extraction segment, even though Rio
Tinto has said it would build a processing facility as well. According to
today’s announcement, the investment aims to contribute to the supply of
lithium – battery grade, and boron for metallurgy.
Several waves of mass rallies
against project Jadar have been held throughout Serbia
The local population in
the Jadar valley, environmentalist organizations and a number of experts have
been opposing Rio Tinto for several years now, citing the lack of
transparency and the risks for health, nature and agriculture, and especially
the potential pollution of water sources. They held several waves of large
countrywide protests.
Balkan Green Energy News has published a chronological overview of the key events since
2001, when Rio Tinto arrived in Serbia. The mining giant is conducting
project Jadar through its Serbian subsidiary Rio Sava Exploration.
Most projects are for graphite,
cobalt, nickel
Most of the other
endeavors entail the extraction and processing of graphite, cobalt and
nickel. The remaining ones are for mining tungsten, rare earth elements,
manganese and copper. A project conducted both in Greenland and Norway is for
the extraction and processing of graphite.
Rare earth elements have
a key role in producing high-performance magnets used in wind turbines or
electric motors for renewable energy technologies and electromobility. Boron
is used in the automotive, renewable energy, aerospace and defence sectors.
Lithium ion batteries
are currently the dominant technology in the electricity storage segment,
excluding pumped storage hydropower plants. The alkali metal has a range of
applications: from consumer electronics and electric vehicles to stationary
facilities within renewable power plants or for grid balancing.
The selected projects
meet the environmental, social and governance standards stipulated in CRMA,
together with technical feasibility, the EU executive said. They are eligible
for support by the European Commission, member states and financial
institutions, including “contacts with relevant offtakers,” it added.
Kokanović: We continue
resistance
Local activist from the
Ne damo Jadar group Zlatko Kokanović said the academic community and the
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) have clearly rejected Rio Tinto’s
lithium project. He also claimed that 63.5% of citizens also oppose it,
apparently citing results of a recent survey.
The European Commission’s decision doesn’t guarantee
environmental standards, Kokanović told Beta news agency. “It
is quite hypocritical from a Europe promoting the rule of law, democracy,
freedom of speech, a healthy environment and clean air, water and soil. To
the detriment of our health and the health of our children, they want to take
our lithium and turn us into a waste dump so that they live healthy,” he
stated.
There isn’t any such
mining project in a densely populated area and on fertile land anywhere in
the world, the activist argued. “It is essentially an experimental facility.
They don’t have answers to all questions and their main slogan is: ‘We will
try to reduce risks’. We now live without risks, we don’t need to reduce
them. If an incident happens, they will say that they are acknowledging the
mistake, that they will try not to repeat it, and they will apologize. We
don’t have anything from it,” Kokanović underscored.
Separately today, he
vowed to continue the resistance with all allowed and forbidden and available
means. Kokanović resides in the village of Gornje Nedeljice, the site of the
proposed mine.
------
Comment (1)
Aleksandar Knežević / 11.06.2025.
(a.knezevic@reic.org.ba)
I have significant experience in environmental impact studies -
from 1973 to the present. I follow the problem of lithium exploitation in
Jadro - the position of the EU, the position of the Government of the
Republic of Serbia and the reaction of citizens and environmental movements.
However, at this stage
the problem is not environmental, but rather a problem of spatial use. Only
when the spatial use is determined can we talk about environmental issues.
I described the
reconciliation of spatial conflicts in my book Hydroelectric Power Plants and
the Environment (2002), published by CETEOR, Sarajevo
|
