NEKE TEZE I STAVOVI

U VEZI POTREBE ZA

DONOŠENJEM

NOVOG USTAVA

BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

 

SOME THESES AND VIEWPOINTS

REGARDING THE NEED

FOR THE ADOPTION OF

A NEW CONSTITUTION OF

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

 

Aleksandar Knežević


1. Kako do novog ustava Bosne i Hercegovine

1.1. Postojeći ustav Bosne i Hercegovine nije donesen demokratskim putem. To je oktroisan ustav koga su donijele delegacija Bosne i Hercegovine i delegacije dvije susjedne države.

 1.2. Bosna i Hercegovina se razvija, približava Evropskoj uniji. Ova činjenica upućuju na potrebu donošenja novog ustava države. Evropski Acquis communautaire (zajednička stečevina) nije moguće dostići bez novog ustava države. 

1.3. Koraci do novog ustava su: (i) pravilno razumjeti Daytonski mirovni sporazum, (ii) pokazati / utvrditi promjene koje je potrebno izvršiti, (iii) realizovati kroz demokratske procedure, ali i uz stručnu i naučnu podršku.

 2. Ustav Bosne i Hercegovine

2.1. Tekst Daytonskog mirovnog sporazuma i Parijskog sporazuma bio je više godina raspoloživ na portalu Savjeta bezbjednosti UN, a nakon što je Savjet bezbjednosti usvojio taj sporazum. Znači, radi se o jedinoj zvaničnoj verziji koja je do nedavno bila na raspolaganju svima zainteresovanim.

 2.2. Ustavni sud Bosne i Hercegovine objavio je tekst Ustava Bosne i Hercegovine kao prevod ankesa 4 Daytonskog mirovnom sporazuma od strane Ureda visokog predstavnika (OHR)

 2.3. Prevod verzije sa engleskog jezika na domaće jezike od strane OHR-a je pogrešan: U originalnom teksu (na engleskom jeziku) nazivi entiteta su: (1) the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and (2) the Republika Srpska. Ovakvi nazivi se pojavljuju u tekstu svih aneksa i na mjestima namijenjenim za potpise.

 3.Terminološke i definicijske manipulacije tekstom Ustava BiH

 3.1. Internetska baza, te zvanični mediji, posebno elektronički, mjesto su svjetskih i lokalnih terminoloških i definicijskih manipulacija. Posebna manipulacija je svjesno nenaglašen naziv entiteta u originalnom tekstu Ustava. Tako se iz the Republika Srpska (engl.) u Republici Srpskoj tumači da taj entitet ima status republika, te se pojavljuju nazivi enitetskih institutcija kao na pr. Republička uprava za ... Republike Srpske, Republički zavod za ... Republike Srpske. Čak i neki poličati iz Federacije Bosne i Hercegovinesmatraju da taj entitet ima pravni status republika. Ni iz jedne političke stranke u FBiH nema reakcije, među stručnjacima za ustavno pravo nema reakcije. Izgleda da niko bitan i nadležan nije pročitao tekst Ustava BiH na engleskom jeziku, ni drugih poglavlja Mirovnog sporazuma.

3.2. Druga manipulacija u Bosni i Hercegovini je način raumijevanja termina Vojska Republike Srpska. Ta vojska je zvanično postojala tek nakon potpisivanja Daytonskog mirovnog spotazuma. Kada se ta vojska spominje iz perioda rata, treba reči: tzv. Vojska republike Srpske, kako se ne bi nelegalnoj vojnoj sili neopravdano davao legalitet. Isto su nelegalne Zelene Beretke, a legalna je Armija Bosne i Hercegovine

 3.3. Postoji prvo svjesno, a zatim nesvjesno brkanje pojmova narod i nacija.  U Daytonsko mirovnom sporazumu za narod se koristi termin people (peoples Basniacs, Croats and Serbs). Znači, Bošnjaci, Hrvati  i Srbi su narodi unutar nacije Bosne i Hercegovine. Međutim, postoje podvale, prihvaćene i u Federaciji BiH da su bosanskohercegovački narodi Bošnjaci, Hrvati i Srbi u stvari nacije (države). Čak i Vijeće ministara u jednom dokumentu govori o nacionalnoj zastuptjenosti, a ne o narodnosnoj zastupljenosti.  U državi RS (Republika Srbija) i entitetu RS (Republika Srpska) znaju da govore da se radi o dvije srpske nacije (države), a ne o jednom narodu u dvije ravnopravne države.        

 3.4. Još jedna greška u prevodu Aneksa 4 – Ustava BiH, Tvrdi se da su njeni narodi konstitutivni; ispravno je: konstituetni. Konsritutivni grade, sastoji se od..., dok konstituentni znači: na spisku,

3.5. Visoki funkcioneri z Republci Srpskoj kod elektroničkih adresa imaju ekstenziju Srbije (sr), a ne Bosne i Hercegovine (ba). Niko ne reaguje, nti stručno zaduženi, nit politički odgovorni.

 3.6. Osnov poliitke u Bosni i Hercegovini je ostojanje koncepta Interes konstutuentnih naroda. Pogrešno. Nema svaki narod svoj poseban interes na teritoriji pojediih dijelova države. Zajednički interes imaju svi ljudi (iz svih naroda i ostali) na određenom području države. Stoga osnov integracije države treba da budu područja sa građanima čiji je interes vezan za to područje bez obzira kojem narodu pripadaju. Narodnosna zastupljenost koja je važan dio ustava BiH postoji zbog povjerenja, a ne zbog zajedničkog imteresa pripadnikao određenog naroda na teritoroji cijele države. U novom usravu treba snažno istaknuti Konceot interesa stanovika teritorijalnih zajednica,

 3.7. Nedavno se moglo čuti da je u Ustavni sud BiH  izabran taj i taj poredstavnik jednog naroda. Pogrešno, on nije izabran kao predstavnik naroda, nego iz reda određenog naroda, kako bi se postigla narodnosna ravnoteža u cilju povjerenja građana.

 3.8. Prefrmulisati mnoge izraze koje su rezultat terminoloških manipulacija. Na primjer, ne radi se o Ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini, nego o Ratu protiv Bosne i Hercegovine.

 4. Novi ustav Bosne i Hercegovina

 4.1. U Bosni i Hercegovini postoje određene inicijative za promjenu ustava države. Radi se o zamisli ove države na modernim demokratskim principima. Ovdje se nema primjedbi na sadržaj takvog prijedlogaa Ustava.  Međutim, ustav se ne može promijeniti bez jasnog i realnog puta. Ovdje se smatra da je prvi korak pravilno razumjeti postojeći Daytonski sporazum, ne samo Aneks 4. Analiza data ovdje zasniva se na tekstu Daytonskog sporazuma, uz uočavanja njegovih nedostaka u tekstu i praksi i uz uvažavanja potrebe njegovog usavršavanja.  

 4.2. Potrebno je propagirati zajedničku kulturu građana sa teritorije Bosne i Hercegovine. Primjer je rečenica iz Gramatike bosanskoj jezika iz 1890. godine: „Babo, da li je gotov ručak?“, pita Jovo. 

4.3. Potrebno je razumjeti da postoji zajednički  interes građana pojedinih područja, a ne zajednički interes pojedinih naroda na teritoriji cijele države.

 4.4. Potrebno je napraviti političko-teritorijalnu preformaciju države. Entitete, disktrikt i kantone preformirati u oblasti - ekonomske regije, a na bazi projekta „Podrška Evropske unije regionalnom ekonomskom razvoju“ (mart 2003 – oktobar 2005), kojom prilikom je osnovano pet razvojnih agencija (ARDA, NERDA, REDAH, REZ i SERDA) sa zadatakom da rade na jačanju ekonomije ovih bosanskohercegovačkih regija. One su instrumenti za podršku obnovi ekonomije, stvaranje radnih mjesta i razvoj ljudskih resursa i infrastrukture u različitim regijama. One uspješno rade. Kroz njih se realizuju različiti razvojni projekti, a osnovni finansijeri  su opštine. Ove razvojne agencije bi mogle biti jezgro za novu organizaciju države. Razvijale bi se postepenim povećavanjem finansijskog učešća opština.

  

 

1. How to get a new constitution for Bosnia and Herzegovina

 1.1. The current constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not adopted democratically. It is an imposed constitution adopted by the delegation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the delegations of two neighboring countries.

1.2. Bosnia and Herzegovina is developing, approaching the European Union. This fact indicates the need to adopt a new constitution for the state. The European Acquis communautaire cannot be achieved without a new constitution for the state.

1.3. The steps to a new constitution are: (i) to properly understand the Dayton Peace Agreement, (ii) to demonstrate/determine the changes that need to be made, (iii) to implement them through democratic procedures, but also with expert and scientific support.

 2. Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina

 2.1. The text of the Dayton Peace Agreement and the Paris Agreement was available for several years on the UN Security Council portal, after the Security Council adopted the agreement.So, this is the only official version that was available to all interested parties until recently.

 2.2. The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina published the text of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a translation of Annex 4 to the Dayton Peace Agreement by the Office of the High Representative (OHR)

 2.3. The translation of the version from English into the local languages ​​by the OHR is incorrect: In the original text (in English) the names of the entities are: (1) the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and (2) the Republika Srpska. These names appear in the text of all annexes and in the places intended for signatures.

 3. Terminological and definitional manipulations of the text of the Constitution of BiH

 3.1. The Internet database, and official media, especially electronic ones, are places of global and local terminological and definitional manipulations. A special manipulation is the deliberately unemphasized name of the entity in the original text of the Constitution. Thus, the Republika Srpska (English) in Republika Srpska is interpreted as meaning that this entity has the status of republics, and the names of entity institutions appear, such as the Republic Administration for ... of Republika Srpska, the Republic Institute for ... of Republika Srpska. Even some politicians from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina believe that this entity has the legal status of republics. There is no reaction from any political party in the FBiH, there is no reaction among constitutional law experts. It seems that no one important and competent has read the text of the Constitution of BiH in English, or other chapters of the Peace Agreement.

 3.2. Another manipulation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the way of understanding the term Army of Republika Srpska. This army officially existed only after the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement. When this army is mentioned from the war period, it should be said: the so-called The Army of Republika Srpska, so as not to unjustifiably give legality to an illegal military force. The Green Berets are also illegal, and the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina is legal

 3.3. There is first a conscious and then an unconscious confusion of the terms people and nation. In the Dayton Peace Agreement, the term people (peoples Basniacs, Croats and Serbs) is used for people. So, Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs are peoples within the nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, there are hoaxes, accepted in the Federation of BiH, that the Bosnian and Herzegovinian peoples Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs are actually nations (states). Even the Council of Ministers in one document speaks of national representation, not ethnic representation. In the state of RS (Republic of Serbia) and the entity of RS (Republic of Srpska), they know how to say that there are two Serbian nations (states), not one people in two equal states.

 3.4. Another mistake in the translation of Annex 4 – Constitution of BiH, It is claimed that its peoples are constituent; the correct one is: constituent. Constituent builds, consists of..., while constituent means: on the list,

 3.5. High officials of Republika Srpska have the extension of Serbia (sr) in their electronic addresses, not Bosnia and Herzegovina (ba). No one reacts, neither those in professional charge, nor those politically responsible.

 3.6. The basis of politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the existence of the concept of the Interest of Constituent Peoples. Wrong. Not every people has its own special interest in the territory of certain parts of the state. All people (from all peoples and others) have a common interest in a certain area of ​​the state. Therefore, the basis of state integration should be areas with citizens whose interest is related to that area, regardless of which people they belong to. National representation, which is an important part of the Constitution of BiH, exists because of trust, and not because of the common interest of members of a certain people in the territory of the entire state. In the new administration, the concept of interests of the inhabitants of territorial communities should be strongly emphasized,

 3.7. Recently, it was heard that such and such a representative of a people was elected to the Constitutional Court of BiH. Wrong, he was not elected as a representative of the people, but from among a certain people, in order to achieve ethnic balance in order to gain the trust of citizens.

 3.8. Reformulate many expressions that are the result of terminological manipulations. For example, it is not about the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but about the War against Bosnia and Herzegovina.

4. The new constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina

 4.1. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are certain initiatives to change the state constitution. It is about the idea of ​​this state based on modern democratic principles. There are no objections to the content of such a proposal of the Constitution. However, the constitution cannot be changed without a clear and realistic path. Here, it is considered that the first step is to properly understand the existing Dayton Agreement, not only Annex 4. The analysis given here is based on the text of the Dayton Agreement, while noting its shortcomings in text and practice, and while recognizing the need for its improvement.

 4.2. It is necessary to propagate the common culture of citizens from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. An example is a sentence from the Grammar of the Bosnian Language from 1890: "Grandma, is lunch ready?", asks Jovo.

 4.3. It is necessary to understand that there is a common interest of the citizens of certain areas, and not a common interest of certain nations on the territory of the entire country.

4.4. It is necessary to make a political-territorial reformation of the state. Entities, districts and cantons should be reorganized into economic regions, based on the project "European Union Support for Regional Economic Development" (March 2003 - October 2005), during which five development agencies (ARDA, NERDA, REDAH, REZ and SERDA) were established with the task of working to strengthen the economy of these Bosnian and Herzegovina regions. They are instruments for supporting the restoration of the economy, creating jobs and developing human resources and infrastructure in different regions. They are working successfully. Various development projects are being implemented through them, and the main financiers are the municipalities. These development agencies could be the core for a new state organization. They would develop by gradually increasing the financial participation of municipalities.

 

 

Naziv ekonomske regije prema EURED-u /

Name of the economic region according to EURED

Naziv oblasti u BiH nakon reformacije /

Name of the economic region after the Reformation

 

 

ARDA – Ekonomska regija Sjeverozapadna BiH

Banjalučko-bihaćka oblast

 

 

NERDA –Ekonomska regija Sjeveroistočna BiH

Tuzlansko-bijeljinska oblast

 

 

REDAH – Ekonomska regija Hercegovina

Mostarsko-trebinjska oblast

 

 

REZ – Ekonomska regija Centralna BiH

Zeničko-teslička oblast

 

 

SERDA –  Sarajevska makroregija

Sarajevsko-višegradska oblast

 

 

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