MALA ŠKOLA KULTURE I SUBKULTURE GOVORA

 

HRVATSKA MLADEŽ TREBA OBRAZOVANJE  STELA

CROATIAN YOUTH NEED STELA    EDUCATION

 Prof. emeritus Igor Čatić

Usvojeni koncept obrazovanja STEM (matematika, informatika, prirodne znanosti, tehnika) nedovoljan je hrvatskoj mladeži za potrebe XXI. stoljeća Poslije niza godina rasprava u Hrvatskoj je usvojen koncept obrazovanja učenika nazvan po složenoj kratici, akronimu STEM. Pritom nisu navedene hrvatske riječi za pojedina slova. STEM je akronim preuzet iz akcije američkog predsjednika Baracka Obame 2009. godine. Kada je lansirao kampanju „Educate to Innovate“ (Obrazujte za inovacije). STEM potiče razvoj prirodoznanstvenih i tehničkih vještina, no pokazalo se da ne obuhvaća sve potrebe učenika. Stoga su uslijedile brojne primjedbe diljem svijeta koje su dovele do sadašnjeg stanja tog projekta. Upotrebljava se primjerice izraz poststemovska era. U ovoj sredini se počelo zalagati još 2016. za koncept STEAL: S – Science, T – Technology, E – Engineering, A – Art i L – Languages. Tek relativno nedavno (2025.) STEAL je pretvoren u STELA. Taj koncept omogućuje kvalitetno obrazovanje cijele učeničke populacije.1 Zašto je B. Obama promicao STEM B. Obama je u svojoj kampanji za reizbor 2013. snažno promovirao STEM obrazovanje. Smatrao da je ono ključno za budućnost američkog gospodarstva, sigurnosti i globalne konkurentnosti. Još je nekoliko glavnih razloga zbog kojih je STEM bio u središtu njegove obrazovne politike. To su globalna konkurentnost, zapošljivost i ekonomski rast, što je značilo pripremu mladih za tržište rada budućnosti. STEM je važan za nacionalnu sigurnost, jer to izravno utječe na obranu, kibernetičku sigurnost i energijske resurse zemlje. Međutim treba uzeti u obzir jedan važan argument zašto STEM nije dovoljan. Prema najnovijim podacima, globalni udio STEM diplomiranih studenata u odnosu na ukupan broj diplomiranih u postotku je sljedeći: Kina 40 +, Tunis ~40, Indija ~34, Njemačka i Rusija ~30, Francuska, Španjolska i Velika Britanija ~26 i SAD ~20. Mora se obrazovati i za druge karijere. Što znači STEM? Akronim STEM u uporabi je nešto dulje od desetljeća. Usvojen je i kao osnova obrazovnog sustava za nove generacije učenika u Hrvatskoj. Nejasno je zašto nije naveden prijevod slova koja čine taj akronim. Na prvi pogled pregled čini se da je jednostavno prevesti engleske nazive S – Science, T – Technology, E – Engineering i M – Mathematics. Na tom primjeru se pokazalo da se mora uzeti u obzir razlikovnost analitičkog engleskog od sintetičkih jezika poput hrvatskoga ili njemačkog. No i tradicija dugogodišnje uporabe njemačkog jezika u Hrvatskoj, osobito na tehničkom području. S – Science nije znanost u duhu njemačkoga Wissenschaft, kao ni hrvatskog jezika. U engleskom je ta riječ ograničena na prirodne znanosti. Engleski nema izraza koji istovremeno obuhvaća sve znanosti. Za prijevod engleskog naziva Technology valja se vratiti u 18. stoljeće. Tada je agronom i financijski stručnjak, kameralist Johann Beckmann 1777. definirao tehnologiju kao sveobuhvatnu znanost o isprepletenosti tehnike, gospodarstva i društva. Relativno nedavno to je prošireno i na humanističke aspekte. E – tehnika, iskonska ljudska praktična vještina kojom ljudi mijenjaju okoliš – od izrade kamenih alata u Africi prije 3,3 milijuna godina, pa sve do pripreme hrane, gradnje skloništa, čak i lovačkih taktika. Tehnika je spontana, iskustvena i često intuitivna. Ne zahtijeva formalno obrazovanje, već se može prenositi i usmenom predajom te praksom. Zaključno: tri od četiri slova u akronimu krivo se prevode. Na njemačkom govornom području umjesto STEM upotrebljava se akronim MINT. Značenje je M – matematika (Mathematik), I – informatika (Informatik), prirodne znanosti (Naturwissenschaften), T – tehnika (Technik). Stoga se predlaže da hrvatski prijevod za akronime STEM i MINT bude PTIM. Hrvatska kritička analiza STEM-a Hrvatski znanstveni i pedagoški krugovi također su započeli sredinom drugog desetljeća s kritičkom analizom STEM-a. Posebno oni iz redova Znanstvenog vijeća za obrazovanje i školstvo HAZU-a. Koje je vrlo uspješno vodio akademik Vladimir Paar. Prema podatcima portala Hrvatski globus, prva javna rasprava o STEM-u i potrebi proširenja obrazovanja na društveno-humanističke znanosti (SSH) održana je u organizaciji Europskog pokreta Hrvatska i Europskog doma Zagreb u Europskom domu u Zagrebu, Jurišićeva 1/I., 8. prosinca 2016. pod nazivom „Utjecaj obrazovanja i medija na Z-generaciju (o. a.: rođeni između 1995. i 2012.)“. Korištena AI je sadržaj Tribine sažela. „Tribina iz prosinca 2016. zaista se ističe kao prva javna rasprava koja je eksplicitno povezala STEM s potrebom proširenja na društveno-humanističke znanosti (SSH), što je kasnije konceptualizirano kao STEAL, a zatim STELA“. To je zahtjev da se redefinira obrazovanje tako da uključuje širi spektar kompetencija i omogućuje kvalitetan razvoj svih učenika, ne samo onih sklonih tehničkim disciplinama. Drugi važan kritički dokument je STEM, post-STEM i odgojno-obrazovna reforma u 21. stoljeću koji potpisuju Vladimir Bermanec, Vladimir Paar i Nevio Šetić. Ističe se važnost STEM-a za gospodarski razvoj, ali se također upozorava da nije realno očekivati da svi učenici trebaju STEM obrazovanje – već da je nužno uravnotežiti STEM i post-STEM pristupe (Hrvatska revija 1, 2018, https://www.matica.hr/hr/541/stem-post-stem-i-odgojno-obrazovna-reforma-u-21-stoljecu-27856/). Proizvodna tehnika je temelj stvorenog svijeta Zapaženo je da su u raspravama o STEM-u najrjeđe sudjelovali stručnjaci s tehničkih područja. Stoga je nedovoljno posvećena pozornost stvaranju tvorevina, što je područje proizvodne tehnike. Prva ljudska tvorevina, artefakt bio je kameni alat prije 3,3 milijuna godina. Istodobno oruđe i oružje. To omogućuje tvrdnju da se tada započelo sa stvaranjem materijalnog svijeta. Proizvodna tehnika temelj koji je u funkciji društveno-humanističkih ciljeva kao osnove za donošenje političkih odluka o razvoju materijalnog svijeta. Stoga, posebno u doba stvaranja informacijskog svijeta, kao osnova obrazovanja svih, od dječjih vrtića do završetka osnovnoga i srednje školskog obrazovanja, svaki obrazovni sustav mora imati u potrebnom opsegu sadržaj uvjetno nazvanUvod u tehniku. Treba naglasiti: tehnika je spontana, iskustvena i često intuitivna. Ni danas nužno ne zahtijeva formalno obrazovanje, već se prenosila i prenosi usmenom predajom i praksom. Od STEAL-a do koncepta STELA Od 2016. do sada autor je objavio i održao više radova i predavanja u kojima se zalaže za koncept STEAL (prirodne znanosti, informatika, tehnika, umjetnost i jezici). Navode se dva teksta. Prvi je STEM ili STEAL? (Kem. Ind. 69 (5-6) (2020) 321–325). STEAL treba shvatiti kao hrvatski doprinos obrazovnoj paradigmi koja uključuje interdisciplinarnost i kreativnost, uz veću ravnotežu između tehničkih i društveno-humanističkih znanja. Drugi je Hrvatsko temeljno obrazovanje mora biti STEAL (Dizbi, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 2023 u kojem se zagovara uključivanje etike i umjetnosti u obrazovni sustav. Naziv akronima STEAL teško je pamtljiv. Stoga je prihvaćen prijedlog da naziv složene kratice bude STELA. Prirodne znanosti, informatika, tehnika, jezici i umjetnost (ART). Zaključak Usvojeni koncept obrazovanja STEM (matematika, informatika, prirodne znanosti, tehnika) nedovoljan je hrvatskoj mladeži za potrebe 21. stoljeća. Stoga se predlaže obrazovanje po modelu STELA (prirodne znanosti, informatika, tehnika, jezici i umjetnost). 1 Napomena, ako nije posebno označeno, svi citati potječu iz AI Microsoft 365 Copilot, 2025.     The adopted concept of STEM education (mathematics, informatics, natural sciences, technology) is insufficient for Croatian youth for the needs of the XXI century. century After a number of years of discussions, the concept of student education named after the complex abbreviation, the acronym STEM, was adopted in Croatia. There are no Croatian words for individual letters. STEM is an acronym taken from the action of US President Barack Obama in 2009. When he launched the "Educate to Innovate" campaign. STEM encourages the development of science and technical skills, but it has been shown that it does not cover all the needs of students. Therefore, numerous remarks from around the world followed, which led to the current state of that project. For example, the term post-stem era is used. In this environment, the STEAL concept began to be advocated in 2016: S – Science, T – Technology, E – Engineering, A – Art and L – Languages. Only relatively recently (2025) was STEAL turned into STELA. This concept enables quality education of the entire student population. 1 Why B. Obama promoted STEM B. Obama strongly promoted STEM education in his 2013 re-election campaign. He considered that it is crucial for the future of the American economy, security and global competitiveness. There are several other main reasons why STEM was at the center of his educational policy. These are global competitiveness, employability and economic growth, which meant preparing young people for the labor market of the future. STEM is important to national security, as it directly affects the nation's defense, cyber security, and energy resources. However, one important argument why STEM is not enough should be considered. According to the latest data, the global share of STEM graduates in relation to the total number of graduates in percentage is as follows: China 40 +, Tunisia ~40, India ~34, Germany and Russia ~30, France, Spain and UK ~26 and USA ~20. He must also be educated for other careers. What does STEM mean? The acronym STEM has been in use for a little over a decade. It was also adopted as the basis of the education system for new generations of students in Croatia. It is unclear why the translation of the letters that make up that acronym is not provided. At first glance, the overview seems to be simple to translate the English names S – Science, T – Technology, E – Engineering and M – Mathematics. This example shows that the difference between analytical English and synthetic languages ​​such as Croatian or German must be taken into account. But also the long-standing tradition of using the German language in Croatia, especially in the technical field.  S – Science is not a science in the spirit of the German Wissenschaft, nor the Croatian language. In English, the word is restricted to the natural sciences. English does not have an expression that encompasses all sciences at the same time. For the translation of the English name Technology, you have to go back to the 18th century. In 1777, the agronomist and financial expert, cameraman Johann Beckmann defined technology as a comprehensive science of the intertwining of technique, economy and society. Relatively recently, it has been extended to humanistic aspects as well. E - technics, a primordial human practical skill by which people change the environment - from making stone tools in Africa 3.3 million years ago, to preparing food, building shelters, even hunting tactics. The technique is spontaneous, experiential and often intuitive. It does not require formal education, but can be transmitted by word of mouth and practice. In conclusion: three of the four letters in the acronym are mistranslated. In the German-speaking world, the acronym MINT is used instead of STEM. The meaning is M – mathematics (Mathematik), I – informatics (Informatik), natural sciences (Naturwissenschaften), T – technique (Technik). Therefore, it is suggested that the Croatian translation for the acronyms STEM and MINT should be PTIM. Croatian critical analysis of STEM Croatian scientific and pedagogical circles also started in the middle of the second decade with a critical analysis of STEM. Especially those from the Scientific Council for Education and Schooling of HAZU. Which was very successfully led by academician Vladimir Paar. According to data from the Hrvatski Globus portal, the first public discussion on STEM and the need to expand education to social and humanities (SSH) was organized by the European Movement Croatia and the European House Zagreb at the European House in Zagreb, Jurišićeva 1/I., on December 8, 2016 under the title "The influence of education and media on the Z-generation (o.a.: born between 1995 and 2012)". The content of Tribune was summarized by the AI ​​used. "The forum in December 2016 really stands out as the first public discussion that explicitly linked STEM to the need to expand into the social sciences and humanities (SSH), which was later conceptualized as STEAL and then STELA". It is a request to redefine education so that it includes a wider range of competencies and enables the quality development of all students, not only those inclined to technical disciplines. Another important critical document is STEM, post-STEM and educational reform in the 21st century, signed by Vladimir Bermanec, Vladimir Paar and Nevio Šetić. The importance of STEM for economic development is emphasized, but it is also warned that it is not realistic to expect that all students need STEM education - but that it is necessary to balance STEM and post-STEM approaches (Hrvatska revija 1, 2018, https://www.matica.hr/hr/541/stem-post-stem-i-odgojno-obrazovna-reforma-u-21-stoljecu-27856/). Production technique is the foundation of the created world It was noted that experts from technical fields participated least often in discussions about STEM. Therefore, insufficient attention is paid to the creation of creations, which is the area of ​​production technique. The first human creation, an artifact, was a stone tool 3.3 million years ago. A tool and a weapon at the same time. This enables the claim that the creation of the material world began then. Production technique is the foundation that serves social-humanistic goals as a basis for making political decisions about the development of the material world. Therefore, especially in the era of the creation of the information world, as the basis of education for everyone, from kindergarten to the end of primary and secondary school education, every educational system must have, in the necessary scope, a content tentatively called Introduction to Technology. It should be emphasized: the technique is spontaneous, experiential and often intuitive. Even today, it does not necessarily require formal education, but was transmitted and transmitted through oral tradition and practice. From STEAL to the STELA concept Since 2016, the author has published and given several papers and lectures in which he advocates for the STEAL concept (natural sciences, informatics, technology, arts and languages). Two texts are cited. The first is STEM or STEAL? (Kem. Ind. 69 (5-6) (2020) 321–325). STEAL should be understood as a Croatian contribution to an educational paradigm that includes interdisciplinarity and creativity, with a greater balance between technical and social-humanistic knowledge. The second is Croatian basic education must be STEAL (Dizbi, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2023), which advocates the inclusion of ethics and art in the education system. The acronym STEAL is hard to remember. Therefore, the proposal that the name of the complex abbreviation should be STELA was accepted. Natural sciences, informatics, technology, languages ​​and art (ART). Conclusion The adopted concept of STEM education (mathematics, informatics, natural sciences, engineering) is insufficient for Croatian youth for the needs of the 21st century. Therefore, education according to the STELA model (natural sciences, informatics, technology, languages ​​and art) is proposed. 1 Note, unless otherwise noted, all quotes are from AI Microsoft 365 Copilot, 2025.